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Helping the patient with reduced hydration/nutrition 6: Using non-oral routes

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Journal articles

Ashby M, Game P, Devitt P, Britten-Jones R, Brooksbank M, Davy M and  Keam E. Percutaneous gastrostomy as a venting procedure in palliative care. Palliative Medicine  1991;  5: 147-50.

Boyd K.J. Beeken L.  Tube feeding in palliative care: benefits and problems Palliative Medicine 1994; 8: 156-158

Boyd KJ and  Beeken L. Tube feeding in palliative care: benefits and problems. Palliative Medicine  1994; 8:  156-8.

Finucane TE, Bynum JPW.  Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia. The Lancet, 1996; 348: 1421-4.

Goodhall L. Tube feeding dilemmas: can artificial nutrition and hydration be legally or ethically withheld or withdrawn? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997; 25: 217-222

Laing B, Smithers M and  Harper J. Percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy: a safe option? Medical Journal of Australia 1994;  161: 308-10.

Loeb M, McGeer A, McArthur M, Walter S, Simor AE,   Risk factors for pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections in elderly residents of long-term care facilities.  Archives of Internal Medicine, 1999; 159: 2058-64.

Meehan SE, Wood RAB and  Cuschieri A. Percutaneous cervical pharyngostomy: a comfortable and convenient alternative to protracted nasogastric intubation. American Journal of Surgery  1984;  148:  325-30.

Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Lipsitz LA. The risk factors and impact on survival of feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Archives of Internal Medicine, 1997; 157: 327-32.

Myssiorek D, Siegel D, Vambutas A. Fluoroscopically placed gastrostomies in the head an neck patient. Laryngoscope, 1998; 108: 1557-60.

Park RHR, Allison MC, Lang J et al  Randomised comparison of percutaneous gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding in patients with persisting neurological dysphagia.  British Medical Journal  1992; 304: 1406 - 1409.

Regnard CFB. Dysphagia, dyspepsia and hiccups. In, Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine  3rd ed. Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny NI, Calman K eds. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2003.

Rudberg MA, Egleston BL, Grant MD, Brody JA. Effectiveness of feeding tubes in nursing home residents with swallowing disorders.  Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,2000; 24: 97-102.

Scott AG, Austin HE.  Nasogastric feeding in the management of severe dysphagia in motor neurone disease.  Palliative Medicine   1994; 8: 45 - 49.

Stratton R. Use and benefits of enteral nutrition Primary Health Care, 2002; 12(2): 25-30.

Stratton RJ. Elia M. The effects of enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition on appetite sensations and food intake in health and disease. Clinical Nutrition. 1999; 18(2): 63-70.

Stratton RJ. Stubbs RJ. Elia M. Interrelationship between circulating leptin concentrations, hunger, and energy intake in healthy subjects receiving tube feeding. JPEN: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition, 1998; 22(6): 335-9.