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Procedures in palliative care 2: Problems with a subcutaneous infusion

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Problems with drugs

Licensed and unlicensed use

Diamorphine, hyoscine hydrobromide and levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine) are the only drugs licensed for subcutaneous administration. 

However, "licensed" means a license for marketing.  It is now accepted in the UK that it is acceptable to use unlicensed routes or purposes if there is documented evidence that there is an acceptable and safe practice.

There is now extensive experience of using the following drugs safely by the SC route:

  • cyclizine
  • dexamethasone
  • insulin
  • erythropoieitin
  • haloperidol
  • heparin
  • hydromorphone
  • hyoscine butylbromide
  • hyoscine hydrobromide
  • levomepromazine
  • midazolam
  • metoclopramide
  • octreotide

Drug incompatibility

If this results in precipitation, then this can cause blockage.  This may be seen as a cloudiness in the syringe, or small crystals on the walls of the syringe.  Most of the drugs used in syringe drivers are compatible.

However, the absence of precipitation does not mean that drugs are compatible and if possible it is best to limit the number of drugs in a syringe to two.  Other drugs can be given by other routes (e.g. PR) or those that are long acting can be given once daily (e.g. haloperidol or levomepromazine).

See www.palliativedrugs.com for current compatibility data.