CLIP Index

How to use this tutorial

Case study

Activities

Further activity

Further reading

Credits

Journal articles

Anderson P. Intrathecal narcotics for the relief of pain from head and neck cancer Archives of Otolaryngological Head Neck Surgeons 1991; 117: 1277-1280.

Burton M. Long-term pain relief produced by intrathecal morphine infusion in 53 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery 1990; 72: 200-209.

Crul B., Delhaas E., Technical Complications during long term subarachnoid or epidural administration of morphine in terminally ill cancer patients; a review of 140 cases. Regional Anaesthesia, 1991; 16: 209-213.

Dahm P. Nitescu P. Appelgren L. Curelaru I. Efficacy and technical complications of long-term continuous intraspinal infusions of opioid and/or bupivacaine in refractory nonmalignant pain: a comparison between the epidural and the intrathecal approach with externalized or implanted catheters and infusion pumps. Clinical Journal of Pain. 1998; 14(1): 4-16.

Day R. The use of epidural and intrathecal analgesia in palliative care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2001; 7(8): 369-74.

GestenY., Vainio A., Long term intrathecal infusion of morphine in home care of patients with advanced cancer Acta Anaethesiology Scandanavica. 1997; 47: 12-17.

Gustaffson L. Clinical Experience of long term treatment with epidural and intrathecal opioids- a nationwide survey. Acta Analgesia. Scandanavica. 1988; 32: 253-259.

Krames E.S., Intrathecal infusional therapies for intractable pain patient management guidelines. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 1993; 8:36-46.

Krames E,Gershow J. Continuous infusion of spinally administered narcotics for the relief of pain due to malignant disorders. Cancer, 1985; 56; 696-702.

Lema MJ. Invasive analgesia techniques for advanced cancer pain. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001; 10(1):127-36.

Mercadante S. Controversies over spinal treatment in advanced cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. 1998; 6(6): 495-502.

Mercadante S. Problems of long-term spinal opioid treatment in advanced cancer patients. Pain. 1999; 79(1): 1-13.

Nitescu P. Appelgren L. Hultman E. Linder LE. Sjoberg M. Curelaru I. Long-term, open catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space for continuous infusion of narcotic and bupivacaine in patients with "refractory" cancer pain. A technique of catheterization and its problems and complications. Clinical Journal of Pain. 1991; 7(2): 143-61.

Nitescu P. Appelgren L. Linder LE. Sjoberg M. Hultman E. Curelaru I. Epidural versus intrathecal morphine-bupivacaine: assessment of consecutive treatments in advanced cancer pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management. 1990; 5(1): 18-26.

Nitescu P. Sjoberg M. Appelgren L. Curelaru I. Complications of intrathecal opioids and bupivacaine in the treatment of "refractory" cancer pain. Clinical Journal of Pain. 1995; 11(1): 45-62.

Sjoberg M. Appelgren L. Einarsson S. Hultman E. Linder LE. Nitescu P. Curelaru I. Long-term intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in "refractory" cancer pain. I. Results from the first series of 52 patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1991; 35(1): 30-43.

Sjoberg M. Karlsson PA. Nordborg C. Wallgren A. Nitescu P. Appelgren L. Linder LE. Curelaru I. Neuropathologic findings after long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and bupivacaine for pain treatment in cancer patients. Anesthesiology. 1992; 76(2):173-86.

Sjoberg M. Nitescu P. Appelgren L. Curelaru I. Long-term intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in patients with refractory cancer pain. Results from a morphine:bupivacaine dose regimen of 0.5:4.75 mg/ml. Anesthesiology. 1994; 80(2): 284-97.

Tumber PS. Fitzgibbon DR. The control of severe cancer pain by continuous intrathecal infusion and patient controlled intrathecal analgesia with morphine, bupivacaine and clonidine. Pain. 1998; 78(3): 217-20.

van Dongen RT. Crul BJ. van Egmond J. Intrathecal coadministration of bupivacaine diminishes morphine dose progression during long-term intrathecal infusion in cancer patients. Clinical Journal of Pain. 1999; 15(3): 166-72.

Resource books

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine  3rd ed. Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny NI, Calman K eds. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2003.

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